This is just my list of common TCP/IP ports so I don't have to search through some huge list.
| Port | Used for | 
|---|---|
| 20, 21 | FTP | 
| 22 | SSH | 
| 25 | SMTP | 
| 53 | DNS | 
| 80 | HTTP | 
| 110 | POP3 | 
| 123 | NTP | 
| 143 | IMAP | 
| 443 | HTTPS | 
| 445 | Microsoft Directory Services | 
| 902 | VMWare Management Console | 
| 1433 | Microsoft SQLServer | 
| 3306 | MySQL | 
| 3389 | Microsoft Terminal Server (RDP) | 
| 5500+ | VNC server connecting to viewer | 
| 5800 | VNC web interface | 
| 5900+ | VNC viewer connecting to server | 
For completeness, here are some other common ports that you might come across:
| Port | Used for | 
|---|---|
| 23 | telnet | 
| 68 | DHCP | 
| 79 | finger | 
| 113 | IDENT Steve Gibson article on why you see it - my install of ProFTPd did it until I specifically disabled it. | 
| 119 | NNTP | 
| 135, 137, 139 | Microsoft Networking | 
| 161 | SNMP | 
| 194 | IRC | 
| 389 | LDAP | 
| 500 | IKMP - used for VPNs | 
| 1311 | Dell OpenManage's Web Server | 
These are ports that you should never have open since they are favorite crack targets:
| Port | Used for | 
|---|
/etc/services\WINDOWS\SYSTEM32\DRIVERS\ETC\SERVICES